diff --git a/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner.go b/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner.go
index 169a01675..0b786616a 100644
--- a/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner.go
@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ const latestAPIKeyIPIndexMigration = "174_add_usage_logs_api_key_latest_ip_index
 const latestAPIKeyIPIndex = "idx_usage_logs_api_key_latest_ip"
 const usageLogsUpstreamModelMismatchIndexMigration = "195_add_usage_log_upstream_model_mismatch_index_notx.sql"
 const usageLogsUpstreamModelMismatchIndex = "idx_usage_logs_upstream_model_mismatch_created_at"
+const usageLogsEffectiveModelIndexesMigration = "226_add_usage_log_effective_model_indexes_notx.sql"
+const usageLogsEffectiveRequestedModelIndex = "idx_usage_logs_effective_requested_model_created"
+const usageLogsEffectiveUpstreamModelIndex = "idx_usage_logs_effective_upstream_model_created"
 
 type migrationChecksumCompatibilityRule struct {
 	fileChecksum       string
@@ -295,6 +298,13 @@ func prepareNonTransactionalMigration(ctx context.Context, db migrationConnectio
 		return dropInvalidIndexIfPresent(ctx, db, latestAPIKeyIPIndex)
 	case usageLogsUpstreamModelMismatchIndexMigration:
 		return dropInvalidIndexIfPresent(ctx, db, usageLogsUpstreamModelMismatchIndex)
+	case usageLogsEffectiveModelIndexesMigration:
+		for _, indexName := range []string{usageLogsEffectiveRequestedModelIndex, usageLogsEffectiveUpstreamModelIndex} {
+			if err := dropInvalidIndexIfPresent(ctx, db, indexName); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
 	default:
 		return nil
 	}
diff --git a/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner_notx_test.go b/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner_notx_test.go
index 55588bb04..8f9882e6d 100644
--- a/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner_notx_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/migrations_runner_notx_test.go
@@ -191,6 +191,47 @@ CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_upstream_model_mismatch_c
 	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
 }
 
+func TestApplyMigrationsFS_NonTransactionalMigration_EffectiveModelIndexesDropInvalidIndexesBeforeRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() { _ = db.Close() }()
+
+	prepareMigrationsBootstrapExpectations(mock)
+	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT checksum FROM schema_migrations WHERE filename = \\$1").
+		WithArgs(usageLogsEffectiveModelIndexesMigration).
+		WillReturnError(sql.ErrNoRows)
+	for _, indexName := range []string{usageLogsEffectiveRequestedModelIndex, usageLogsEffectiveUpstreamModelIndex} {
+		mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT EXISTS \\(").
+			WithArgs(indexName).
+			WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"exists"}).AddRow(true))
+		mock.ExpectExec("DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS " + indexName).
+			WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(0, 0))
+	}
+	mock.ExpectExec("CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_requested_model_created").
+		WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(0, 0))
+	mock.ExpectExec("CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_upstream_model_created").
+		WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(0, 0))
+	mock.ExpectExec("INSERT INTO schema_migrations \\(filename, checksum\\) VALUES \\(\\$1, \\$2\\)").
+		WithArgs(usageLogsEffectiveModelIndexesMigration, sqlmock.AnyArg()).
+		WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(1, 1))
+	mock.ExpectExec("SELECT pg_advisory_unlock\\(\\$1\\)").
+		WithArgs(migrationsAdvisoryLockID).
+		WillReturnResult(sqlmock.NewResult(0, 1))
+
+	fsys := fstest.MapFS{
+		usageLogsEffectiveModelIndexesMigration: &fstest.MapFile{Data: []byte(`
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_requested_model_created
+    ON usage_logs ((COALESCE(NULLIF(BTRIM(requested_model), ''), model)), created_at DESC, id DESC);
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_upstream_model_created
+    ON usage_logs ((COALESCE(NULLIF(BTRIM(upstream_model), ''), model)), created_at DESC, id DESC);
+`)},
+	}
+
+	err = applyMigrationsFS(context.Background(), db, fsys)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
+}
+
 func TestApplyMigrationsFS_PaymentOrdersOutTradeNoUniqueMigration_FailsFastOnDuplicatePrecheck(t *testing.T) {
 	db, mock, err := sqlmock.New()
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_request_type_test.go b/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_request_type_test.go
index a2b82dfa6..c69f374d4 100644
--- a/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_request_type_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_request_type_test.go
@@ -505,33 +505,33 @@ func TestUsageLogRepositoryGetStatsWithFiltersRequestedModelSource(t *testing.T)
 		ModelFilterSource: usagestats.ModelSourceRequested,
 	}
 
-	mock.ExpectQuery("FROM usage_logs\\s+WHERE COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(requested_model\\), ''\\), model\\) = \\$1").
+	mock.ExpectQuery("(?s)FROM usage_logs\\s+WHERE COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(requested_model\\), ''\\), model\\) = \\$1.*GROUP BY GROUPING SETS").
 		WithArgs("gpt-5").
 		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{
-			"total_requests",
-			"total_input_tokens",
-			"total_output_tokens",
-			"total_cache_tokens",
-			"total_cache_creation_tokens",
-			"total_cache_read_tokens",
-			"total_cost",
-			"total_actual_cost",
-			"total_account_cost",
+			"inbound_grouped",
+			"upstream_grouped",
+			"inbound_endpoint",
+			"upstream_endpoint",
+			"requests",
+			"input_tokens",
+			"output_tokens",
+			"cache_creation_tokens",
+			"cache_read_tokens",
+			"cost",
+			"actual_cost",
+			"account_cost",
 			"avg_duration_ms",
-		}).AddRow(int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(4), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(inbound_endpoint\\), ''\\), 'unknown'\\) AS endpoint").
-		WithArgs(sqlmock.AnyArg(), sqlmock.AnyArg(), "gpt-5").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(upstream_endpoint\\), ''\\), 'unknown'\\) AS endpoint").
-		WithArgs(sqlmock.AnyArg(), sqlmock.AnyArg(), "gpt-5").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT CONCAT\\(").
-		WithArgs(sqlmock.AnyArg(), sqlmock.AnyArg(), "gpt-5").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
+		}).
+			AddRow(1, 1, nil, nil, int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0).
+			AddRow(0, 1, "/v1/responses", nil, int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0).
+			AddRow(1, 0, nil, "/v1/responses", int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0).
+			AddRow(0, 0, "/v1/responses", "/v1/responses", int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0))
 
 	stats, err := repo.GetStatsWithFilters(context.Background(), filters)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, int64(1), stats.TotalRequests)
+	require.Equal(t, "/v1/responses", stats.Endpoints[0].Endpoint)
+	require.Equal(t, "/v1/responses -> /v1/responses", stats.EndpointPaths[0].Endpoint)
 	require.NoError(t, mock.ExpectationsWereMet())
 }
 
@@ -546,29 +546,23 @@ func TestUsageLogRepositoryGetStatsWithFiltersRequestTypePriority(t *testing.T)
 		Stream:      &stream,
 	}
 
-	mock.ExpectQuery("FROM usage_logs\\s+WHERE \\(request_type = \\$1 OR \\(request_type = 0 AND stream = FALSE AND openai_ws_mode = FALSE\\)\\)").
+	mock.ExpectQuery("(?s)FROM usage_logs\\s+WHERE \\(request_type = \\$1 OR \\(request_type = 0 AND stream = FALSE AND openai_ws_mode = FALSE\\)\\).*GROUP BY GROUPING SETS").
 		WithArgs(requestType).
 		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{
-			"total_requests",
-			"total_input_tokens",
-			"total_output_tokens",
-			"total_cache_tokens",
-			"total_cache_creation_tokens",
-			"total_cache_read_tokens",
-			"total_cost",
-			"total_actual_cost",
-			"total_account_cost",
+			"inbound_grouped",
+			"upstream_grouped",
+			"inbound_endpoint",
+			"upstream_endpoint",
+			"requests",
+			"input_tokens",
+			"output_tokens",
+			"cache_creation_tokens",
+			"cache_read_tokens",
+			"cost",
+			"actual_cost",
+			"account_cost",
 			"avg_duration_ms",
-		}).AddRow(int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(4), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(inbound_endpoint\\), ''\\), 'unknown'\\) AS endpoint").
-		WithArgs(sqlmock.AnyArg(), sqlmock.AnyArg(), requestType).
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(upstream_endpoint\\), ''\\), 'unknown'\\) AS endpoint").
-		WithArgs(sqlmock.AnyArg(), sqlmock.AnyArg(), requestType).
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT CONCAT\\(").
-		WithArgs(sqlmock.AnyArg(), sqlmock.AnyArg(), requestType).
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
+		}).AddRow(1, 1, nil, nil, int64(1), int64(2), int64(3), int64(1), int64(3), 1.2, 1.0, 1.2, 20.0))
 
 	stats, err := repo.GetStatsWithFilters(context.Background(), filters)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -689,19 +683,12 @@ func TestUsageLogRepositoryGetStatsWithFiltersAlwaysReturnsAccountCost(t *testin
 	// No AccountID filter set - TotalAccountCost should still be returned
 	filters := usagestats.UsageLogFilters{}
 
-	mock.ExpectQuery("FROM usage_logs").
+	mock.ExpectQuery("(?s)FROM usage_logs.*GROUP BY GROUPING SETS").
 		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{
-			"total_requests", "total_input_tokens", "total_output_tokens",
-			"total_cache_tokens", "total_cache_creation_tokens", "total_cache_read_tokens",
-			"total_cost", "total_actual_cost",
-			"total_account_cost", "avg_duration_ms",
-		}).AddRow(int64(50), int64(1000), int64(2000), int64(100), int64(60), int64(40), 15.0, 12.5, 11.0, 100.0))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(inbound_endpoint\\)").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT COALESCE\\(NULLIF\\(TRIM\\(upstream_endpoint\\)").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
-	mock.ExpectQuery("SELECT CONCAT\\(").
-		WillReturnRows(sqlmock.NewRows([]string{"endpoint", "requests", "total_tokens", "cost", "actual_cost"}))
+			"inbound_grouped", "upstream_grouped", "inbound_endpoint", "upstream_endpoint",
+			"requests", "input_tokens", "output_tokens", "cache_creation_tokens", "cache_read_tokens",
+			"cost", "actual_cost", "account_cost", "avg_duration_ms",
+		}).AddRow(1, 1, nil, nil, int64(50), int64(1000), int64(2000), int64(60), int64(40), 15.0, 12.5, 11.0, 100.0))
 
 	stats, err := repo.GetStatsWithFilters(context.Background(), filters)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
diff --git a/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats.go b/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats.go
index 53d60b7f4..9385900a7 100644
--- a/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats.go
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package repository
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/usagestats"
 	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/service"
 	"github.com/lib/pq"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
 
 // GetUserStatsAggregated returns aggregated usage statistics for a user using database-level aggregation
@@ -696,108 +695,131 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) GetStatsWithFilters(ctx context.Context, filters Us
 	}
 
 	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
+		WITH scoped AS (
+			SELECT
+				COALESCE(NULLIF(TRIM(inbound_endpoint), ''), 'unknown') AS inbound_endpoint,
+				COALESCE(NULLIF(TRIM(upstream_endpoint), ''), 'unknown') AS upstream_endpoint,
+				input_tokens,
+				output_tokens,
+				cache_creation_tokens,
+				cache_read_tokens,
+				total_cost,
+				actual_cost,
+				COALESCE(account_stats_cost, total_cost) * COALESCE(account_rate_multiplier, 1) AS account_cost,
+				duration_ms
+			FROM usage_logs
+			%s
+		)
 		SELECT
-			COUNT(*) as total_requests,
-			COALESCE(SUM(input_tokens), 0) as total_input_tokens,
-			COALESCE(SUM(output_tokens), 0) as total_output_tokens,
-			COALESCE(SUM(cache_creation_tokens + cache_read_tokens), 0) as total_cache_tokens,
-			COALESCE(SUM(cache_creation_tokens), 0) as total_cache_creation_tokens,
-			COALESCE(SUM(cache_read_tokens), 0) as total_cache_read_tokens,
-			COALESCE(SUM(total_cost), 0) as total_cost,
-			COALESCE(SUM(actual_cost), 0) as total_actual_cost,
-			COALESCE(SUM(COALESCE(account_stats_cost, total_cost) * COALESCE(account_rate_multiplier, 1)), 0) as total_account_cost,
-			COALESCE(AVG(duration_ms), 0) as avg_duration_ms
-		FROM usage_logs
-		%s
+			GROUPING(inbound_endpoint) AS inbound_grouped,
+			GROUPING(upstream_endpoint) AS upstream_grouped,
+			inbound_endpoint,
+			upstream_endpoint,
+			COUNT(*) AS requests,
+			COALESCE(SUM(input_tokens), 0) AS input_tokens,
+			COALESCE(SUM(output_tokens), 0) AS output_tokens,
+			COALESCE(SUM(cache_creation_tokens), 0) AS cache_creation_tokens,
+			COALESCE(SUM(cache_read_tokens), 0) AS cache_read_tokens,
+			COALESCE(SUM(total_cost), 0) AS cost,
+			COALESCE(SUM(actual_cost), 0) AS actual_cost,
+			COALESCE(SUM(account_cost), 0) AS account_cost,
+			COALESCE(AVG(duration_ms), 0) AS avg_duration_ms
+		FROM scoped
+		GROUP BY GROUPING SETS (
+			(),
+			(inbound_endpoint),
+			(upstream_endpoint),
+			(inbound_endpoint, upstream_endpoint)
+		)
 	`, buildWhere(conditions))
 
 	stats := &UsageStats{}
 	var totalAccountCost float64
-
-	start := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC()
-	if filters.StartTime != nil {
-		start = *filters.StartTime
-	}
-	end := time.Now().UTC()
-	if filters.EndTime != nil {
-		end = *filters.EndTime
+	useAccountCostForEndpoint := filters.AccountID > 0 && filters.UserID == 0 && filters.APIKeyID == 0
+	rows, err := r.sql.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	defer func() { _ = rows.Close() }()
 
-	var endpoints, upstreamEndpoints, endpointPaths []EndpointStat
-
-	// 汇总查询:失败即致命。
-	runSummary := func(c context.Context) error {
-		return scanSingleRow(
-			c, r.sql, query, args,
-			&stats.TotalRequests,
-			&stats.TotalInputTokens,
-			&stats.TotalOutputTokens,
-			&stats.TotalCacheTokens,
-			&stats.TotalCacheCreationTokens,
-			&stats.TotalCacheReadTokens,
-			&stats.TotalCost,
-			&stats.TotalActualCost,
-			&totalAccountCost,
-			&stats.AverageDurationMs,
+	for rows.Next() {
+		var (
+			inboundGrouped, upstreamGrouped                                      int
+			inboundEndpoint, upstreamEndpoint                                    sql.NullString
+			requests, inputTokens, outputTokens, cacheCreationTokens, cacheReads int64
+			cost, actualCost, accountCost, averageDurationMs                     float64
 		)
-	}
-	// endpoint 明细:best-effort(失败 log + 返空),不致命。
-	runEndpoints := func(c context.Context) {
-		res, err := r.getEndpointStatsByColumnWithFilters(c, "inbound_endpoint", start, end, filters.UserID, filters.APIKeyID, filters.AccountID, filters.GroupID, filters.Model, filters.ModelFilterSource, filters.RequestType, filters.Stream, filters.BillingType, filters.BillingMode)
-		if err != nil {
-			if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.usage_log", "GetEndpointStatsWithFilters failed in GetStatsWithFilters: %v", err)
-			}
-			res = []EndpointStat{}
+		if err := rows.Scan(
+			&inboundGrouped,
+			&upstreamGrouped,
+			&inboundEndpoint,
+			&upstreamEndpoint,
+			&requests,
+			&inputTokens,
+			&outputTokens,
+			&cacheCreationTokens,
+			&cacheReads,
+			&cost,
+			&actualCost,
+			&accountCost,
+			&averageDurationMs,
+		); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		endpoints = res
-	}
-	runUpstream := func(c context.Context) {
-		res, err := r.getEndpointStatsByColumnWithFilters(c, "upstream_endpoint", start, end, filters.UserID, filters.APIKeyID, filters.AccountID, filters.GroupID, filters.Model, filters.ModelFilterSource, filters.RequestType, filters.Stream, filters.BillingType, filters.BillingMode)
-		if err != nil {
-			if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.usage_log", "GetUpstreamEndpointStatsWithFilters failed in GetStatsWithFilters: %v", err)
-			}
-			res = []EndpointStat{}
+
+		totalTokens := inputTokens + outputTokens + cacheCreationTokens + cacheReads
+		endpointActualCost := actualCost
+		if useAccountCostForEndpoint {
+			endpointActualCost = accountCost
 		}
-		upstreamEndpoints = res
-	}
-	runPaths := func(c context.Context) {
-		res, err := r.getEndpointPathStatsWithFilters(c, start, end, filters.UserID, filters.APIKeyID, filters.AccountID, filters.GroupID, filters.Model, filters.ModelFilterSource, filters.RequestType, filters.Stream, filters.BillingType, filters.BillingMode)
-		if err != nil {
-			if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) && !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				logger.LegacyPrintf("repository.usage_log", "getEndpointPathStatsWithFilters failed in GetStatsWithFilters: %v", err)
-			}
-			res = []EndpointStat{}
+
+		switch {
+		case inboundGrouped == 1 && upstreamGrouped == 1:
+			stats.TotalRequests = requests
+			stats.TotalInputTokens = inputTokens
+			stats.TotalOutputTokens = outputTokens
+			stats.TotalCacheCreationTokens = cacheCreationTokens
+			stats.TotalCacheReadTokens = cacheReads
+			stats.TotalCacheTokens = cacheCreationTokens + cacheReads
+			stats.TotalCost = cost
+			stats.TotalActualCost = actualCost
+			totalAccountCost = accountCost
+			stats.AverageDurationMs = averageDurationMs
+		case inboundGrouped == 0 && upstreamGrouped == 1:
+			stats.Endpoints = append(stats.Endpoints, EndpointStat{
+				Endpoint: inboundEndpoint.String, Requests: requests, TotalTokens: totalTokens,
+				Cost: cost, ActualCost: endpointActualCost,
+			})
+		case inboundGrouped == 1 && upstreamGrouped == 0:
+			stats.UpstreamEndpoints = append(stats.UpstreamEndpoints, EndpointStat{
+				Endpoint: upstreamEndpoint.String, Requests: requests, TotalTokens: totalTokens,
+				Cost: cost, ActualCost: endpointActualCost,
+			})
+		case inboundGrouped == 0 && upstreamGrouped == 0:
+			stats.EndpointPaths = append(stats.EndpointPaths, EndpointStat{
+				Endpoint: inboundEndpoint.String + " -> " + upstreamEndpoint.String,
+				Requests: requests, TotalTokens: totalTokens, Cost: cost, ActualCost: endpointActualCost,
+			})
 		}
-		endpointPaths = res
+	}
+	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if r.db != nil {
-		// 生产路径:r.sql 是 *sql.DB 连接池,可并发。4 条查询并行,延迟取最大值。
-		g, gctx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-		g.Go(func() error { return runSummary(gctx) })
-		g.Go(func() error { runEndpoints(gctx); return nil })
-		g.Go(func() error { runUpstream(gctx); return nil })
-		g.Go(func() error { runPaths(gctx); return nil })
-		if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	} else {
-		// 事务路径(ent.Tx 不能并发查询):顺序执行,行为与重构前一致。
-		if err := runSummary(ctx); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		runEndpoints(ctx)
-		runUpstream(ctx)
-		runPaths(ctx)
+	sortEndpointStats := func(values []EndpointStat) {
+		sort.Slice(values, func(i, j int) bool {
+			if values[i].Requests != values[j].Requests {
+				return values[i].Requests > values[j].Requests
+			}
+			return values[i].Endpoint < values[j].Endpoint
+		})
 	}
+	sortEndpointStats(stats.Endpoints)
+	sortEndpointStats(stats.UpstreamEndpoints)
+	sortEndpointStats(stats.EndpointPaths)
 
 	stats.TotalAccountCost = &totalAccountCost
 	stats.TotalTokens = stats.TotalInputTokens + stats.TotalOutputTokens + stats.TotalCacheTokens
-	stats.Endpoints = endpoints
-	stats.UpstreamEndpoints = upstreamEndpoints
-	stats.EndpointPaths = endpointPaths
 
 	return stats, nil
 }
@@ -882,78 +904,6 @@ func (r *usageLogRepository) getEndpointStatsByColumnWithFilters(ctx context.Con
 	return results, nil
 }
 
-func (r *usageLogRepository) getEndpointPathStatsWithFilters(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, userID, apiKeyID, accountID, groupID int64, model string, modelSource string, requestType *int16, stream *bool, billingType *int8, billingMode string) (results []EndpointStat, err error) {
-	actualCostExpr := "COALESCE(SUM(actual_cost), 0) as actual_cost"
-	if accountID > 0 && userID == 0 && apiKeyID == 0 {
-		actualCostExpr = "COALESCE(SUM(COALESCE(account_stats_cost, total_cost) * COALESCE(account_rate_multiplier, 1)), 0) as actual_cost"
-	}
-
-	query := fmt.Sprintf(`
-		SELECT
-			CONCAT(
-				COALESCE(NULLIF(TRIM(inbound_endpoint), ''), 'unknown'),
-				' -> ',
-				COALESCE(NULLIF(TRIM(upstream_endpoint), ''), 'unknown')
-			) AS endpoint,
-			COUNT(*) AS requests,
-			COALESCE(SUM(input_tokens + output_tokens + cache_creation_tokens + cache_read_tokens), 0) AS total_tokens,
-			COALESCE(SUM(total_cost), 0) as cost,
-			%s
-		FROM usage_logs
-		WHERE created_at >= $1 AND created_at < $2
-	`, actualCostExpr)
-
-	args := []any{startTime, endTime}
-	if userID > 0 {
-		query += fmt.Sprintf(" AND user_id = $%d", len(args)+1)
-		args = append(args, userID)
-	}
-	if apiKeyID > 0 {
-		query += fmt.Sprintf(" AND api_key_id = $%d", len(args)+1)
-		args = append(args, apiKeyID)
-	}
-	if accountID > 0 {
-		query += fmt.Sprintf(" AND account_id = $%d", len(args)+1)
-		args = append(args, accountID)
-	}
-	if groupID > 0 {
-		query += fmt.Sprintf(" AND group_id = $%d", len(args)+1)
-		args = append(args, groupID)
-	}
-	query, args = appendUsageLogModelQueryFilter(query, args, model, modelSource)
-	query, args = appendRequestTypeOrStreamQueryFilter(query, args, requestType, stream)
-	if billingType != nil {
-		query += fmt.Sprintf(" AND billing_type = $%d", len(args)+1)
-		args = append(args, int16(*billingType))
-	}
-	query, args = appendUsageLogBillingModeQueryFilter(query, args, billingMode, "")
-	query += " GROUP BY endpoint ORDER BY requests DESC"
-
-	rows, err := r.sql.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		if closeErr := rows.Close(); closeErr != nil && err == nil {
-			err = closeErr
-			results = nil
-		}
-	}()
-
-	results = make([]EndpointStat, 0)
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var row EndpointStat
-		if err := rows.Scan(&row.Endpoint, &row.Requests, &row.TotalTokens, &row.Cost, &row.ActualCost); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		results = append(results, row)
-	}
-	if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return results, nil
-}
-
 // GetEndpointStatsWithFilters returns inbound endpoint statistics with optional filters.
 func (r *usageLogRepository) GetEndpointStatsWithFilters(ctx context.Context, startTime, endTime time.Time, userID, apiKeyID, accountID, groupID int64, model string, requestType *int16, stream *bool, billingType *int8) ([]EndpointStat, error) {
 	return r.getEndpointStatsByColumnWithFilters(ctx, "inbound_endpoint", startTime, endTime, userID, apiKeyID, accountID, groupID, model, "", requestType, stream, billingType, "")
diff --git a/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats_integration_test.go b/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats_integration_test.go
index e9025b1bd..754ea32a9 100644
--- a/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats_integration_test.go
+++ b/backend/internal/repository/usage_log_repo_stats_integration_test.go
@@ -43,6 +43,15 @@ func TestUsageLog_UpstreamModelMismatchFilterAndPartialIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.Equal(t, int64(1), stats.TotalRequests)
+	require.Equal(t, []usagestats.EndpointStat{{
+		Endpoint: "unknown", Requests: 1, TotalTokens: 2,
+	}}, stats.Endpoints)
+	require.Equal(t, []usagestats.EndpointStat{{
+		Endpoint: "unknown", Requests: 1, TotalTokens: 2,
+	}}, stats.UpstreamEndpoints)
+	require.Equal(t, []usagestats.EndpointStat{{
+		Endpoint: "unknown -> unknown", Requests: 1, TotalTokens: 2,
+	}}, stats.EndpointPaths)
 
 	trend, err := repo.GetUsageTrendWithUsageFilters(ctx, start, end, "hour", usagestats.UsageLogFilters{
 		UserID: user.ID, UpstreamModelMismatch: &trueValue,
@@ -53,24 +62,45 @@ func TestUsageLog_UpstreamModelMismatchFilterAndPartialIndex(t *testing.T) {
 
 	_, err = tx.ExecContext(ctx, "SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = off")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	rows, err := tx.QueryContext(ctx, `
+	assertPlanUsesIndex := func(query, indexName string, args ...any) {
+		rows, queryErr := tx.QueryContext(ctx, query, args...)
+		require.NoError(t, queryErr)
+		var planLines []string
+		for rows.Next() {
+			var line string
+			require.NoError(t, rows.Scan(&line))
+			planLines = append(planLines, line)
+		}
+		require.NoError(t, rows.Err())
+		require.NoError(t, rows.Close())
+		require.Contains(t, strings.Join(planLines, "\n"), indexName)
+	}
+	assertPlanUsesIndex(`
 EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
 SELECT id
 FROM usage_logs
 WHERE upstream_model_mismatch IS TRUE
 ORDER BY created_at DESC, id DESC
 LIMIT 100
-`)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func() { require.NoError(t, rows.Close()) }()
-	var planLines []string
-	for rows.Next() {
-		var line string
-		require.NoError(t, rows.Scan(&line))
-		planLines = append(planLines, line)
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, rows.Err())
-	require.Contains(t, strings.Join(planLines, "\n"), usageLogsUpstreamModelMismatchIndex)
+`, usageLogsUpstreamModelMismatchIndex)
+	assertPlanUsesIndex(`
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id
+FROM usage_logs
+WHERE COALESCE(NULLIF(TRIM(requested_model), ''), model) = $1
+  AND created_at >= $2 AND created_at < $3
+ORDER BY created_at DESC, id DESC
+LIMIT 100
+`, usageLogsEffectiveRequestedModelIndex, "gpt-5.5", start, end)
+	assertPlanUsesIndex(`
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF)
+SELECT id
+FROM usage_logs
+WHERE COALESCE(NULLIF(TRIM(upstream_model), ''), model) = $1
+  AND created_at >= $2 AND created_at < $3
+ORDER BY created_at DESC, id DESC
+LIMIT 100
+`, usageLogsEffectiveUpstreamModelIndex, "gpt-5.5", start, end)
 }
 
 func TestUsageLog_GetStatsWithFilters_AggregatesAndEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/backend/migrations/226_add_usage_log_effective_model_indexes_notx.sql b/backend/migrations/226_add_usage_log_effective_model_indexes_notx.sql
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bb6250fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/migrations/226_add_usage_log_effective_model_indexes_notx.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_requested_model_created
+    ON usage_logs (
+        (COALESCE(NULLIF(BTRIM(requested_model), ''), model)),
+        created_at DESC,
+        id DESC
+    );
+
+CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_upstream_model_created
+    ON usage_logs (
+        (COALESCE(NULLIF(BTRIM(upstream_model), ''), model)),
+        created_at DESC,
+        id DESC
+    );
diff --git a/backend/migrations/usage_log_effective_model_index_test.go b/backend/migrations/usage_log_effective_model_index_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9505889dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/migrations/usage_log_effective_model_index_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package migrations
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestUsageLogEffectiveModelIndexesMigration(t *testing.T) {
+	content, err := FS.ReadFile("226_add_usage_log_effective_model_indexes_notx.sql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	sql := strings.Join(strings.Fields(string(content)), " ")
+	require.Contains(t, sql, "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_requested_model_created")
+	require.Contains(t, sql, "(COALESCE(NULLIF(BTRIM(requested_model), ''), model)), created_at DESC, id DESC")
+	require.Contains(t, sql, "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF NOT EXISTS idx_usage_logs_effective_upstream_model_created")
+	require.Contains(t, sql, "(COALESCE(NULLIF(BTRIM(upstream_model), ''), model)), created_at DESC, id DESC")
+}