mirror of
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add rm-n-web
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1 id="toc_0">H5、React Native、Native应用对比分析</h1>
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<p>@王利华,vczero </p>
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<p>“存在即合理”。凡是存在的,都是合乎规律的。任何新事物的产生总要的它的道理;任何新事物的发展总是有着取代旧事物的能力。React Native来的正是时候,一则是因为H5发展到一定程度的受限;二则是移动市场的迅速崛起强调团队快速响应和迭代;三则是用户的体验被放大,用户要求极致的快感,除非你牛x(例如:12306最近修改手机号需要用户自己发短信接收验证码)。<br>
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以下简单的介绍下H5、React Native、Native的含义: </p>
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<p>最近三四年间,国内外的前端与全栈开发者社区都在坚持不懈地追寻使用JavaScript与HTML、CSS技术体系开发App内场景的核心工程技术。这种技术,在国内很多公司与团队中,被通称为H5。——童遥 </p>
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<p>这段是取自童老师给小二我新书作的序,没有断章取义的意思。很清楚,H5并不是狭义的HTML5新标签和API,而是工程化的“In App” technology。 </p>
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<p>iOS/Android ——原生应用(都懂得,不解释)。 </p>
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<p>React Native —— React & Native ,应运而生! </p>
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<h2 id="toc_1">一、React Native的出现</h2>
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<p>React Native的出现,似乎是扛起的反H5的旗子。就像当年Facebook放弃H5,全部转向Native一样。这一点,我们需要认同和保持高度的清醒。那么,React Native是否又是在吞食Native的领地呢?技术的发展,是用户风向标的导向起的作用。任何一门技术的出现,都是当时用户需求的体现。 </p>
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<p>我们应该从以下几点看待React Native的出现。</p>
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<p>"鉴往知来"——从过去的教训中总结经验,从用户的角度开拓未来<br>
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“HTML5差强人意,但是与原生应用相比还是有些差距”——为了更高的追求! 用户体验!<br>
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“人才宝贵,快速迭代”——Web开发者相对较多,寻找平衡点<br>
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“跨平台!跨平台!跨平台!”——单一技术栈<br>
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“xx是世界上最好的语言” ——工程学的范畴,没有最好,只有最适合 </p>
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<p>HTML5 <strong>vs</strong> React Native <strong>?</strong> HTML5 <strong>:</strong> React Native<br>
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结论(React Native):<br>
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1、原生应用的用户体验<br>
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2、跨平台特性<br>
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3、开发人员单一技术栈<br>
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4、上手快,入门容易<br>
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5、社区繁荣 </p>
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<h2 id="toc_2">二、3款应用效果</h2>
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<p><strong>注:以下所有对比均在iOS平台下</strong><br>
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<img src="./imgs/hybirdapp.gif" alt=""><br>
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<img src="./imgs/ReactDou.gif" alt=""><br>
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<img src="./imgs/iOSDou.gif" alt=""><br>
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上面3张图片,如果去掉第一张图的“HybirdApp”的字样,是否分得清哪个是React Native开发?哪个是Native应用。<br>
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你的第一感觉是什么? </p>
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|
||||
<h2 id="toc_3">三、工程方案</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>为了评估3种方案的技术优势和弱势。我们需要开发功能大致相似的App。这里,我们使用了“豆瓣”的API来开发“豆搜”应用。该应用能够搜索“图书”、“音乐”、“电影”。想当年,豆瓣以“图书评论”走红,尤其是12年当红!豆瓣是一个清新文艺的社区,一个“慢公司”。最近有一则网传消息,注意是网传——“传京东投1.5亿美元控股豆瓣”。今天,不聊豆瓣,我们要聊一个工程化的问题。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>我们需要将3款App的功能做到一致,同时需要保持技术要点一致。比如React Native这里使用了TabBar,那么Native我们也必须使用TabBar。简单而言就是:功能一致,组件 & API一致。我们功能如下图所示:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/dousou.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>1、H5方案</strong><br>
|
||||
在H5/Hybird应用中,我们使用AngularJS开发单页webApp,然后将该WebApp内嵌入到iOS WebView中,在iOS代码中,我们使用Navigation稍微控制下跳转。<br>
|
||||
WebApp地址:http://vczero.github.io/search/html/index.html<br>
|
||||
WebApp项目地址:https://github.com/vczero/search (很简单的一个项目)<br>
|
||||
H5/Hybird项目地址:https://github.com/vczero/search_Hybird </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>2、React Native</strong><br>
|
||||
在React Native中,封装必要的功能组件。<br>
|
||||
项目地址:https://github.com/vczero/React-Dou。<br>
|
||||
项目结构如下图:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/rn-1.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>3、Native(iOS)</strong><br>
|
||||
使用React Native大致相同的组件开发App,不使用任何第三方库,代码布局。<br>
|
||||
项目地址:https://github.com/vczero/iOS-Dou </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="toc_4">四、对比分析</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>很多时候,新技术的采用最希望看到的是数据,而不是简单说“用户体验棒,开发效率高,维护成本低”。不过,生活中也有这样的同学,知一二而能窥全貌。当然,本人生性胆小,也没有那么多的表哥和隔壁的老王,所以不敢早下定论,不敢太放肆。赵本山在《大笑江湖》中有句名言“May the force be with you”(别太放肆,没什么用)。因此,从以下几个方面做一个简单的对比。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>----------提纲------------</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toc_5">1、开发方式</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>(1)代码结构<br>
|
||||
(2)UI布局<br>
|
||||
(3)UI截面图<br>
|
||||
(4)路由/Navigation<br>
|
||||
(5)第三方生态链 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toc_6">2、性能 & 体验</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>(1)内存<br>
|
||||
(2)CPU<br>
|
||||
(3)动画<br>
|
||||
(4)安装包体积<br>
|
||||
(5)Big ListView<br>
|
||||
(6)真机体验 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toc_7">3、更新 & 维护</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>(1)更新能力<br>
|
||||
(2)维护成本<br>
|
||||
<strong>----------提纲------------</strong></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="toc_8">1、开发方式</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>很多人说React Native的代码不好看,不好理解。那是因为前端工程师都熟悉了Web的开发方式。怎么解决这个问题呢,可以先看看iOS代码,断定不熟悉iOS的同学心里会默念“一万匹**马奔腾”。那时候,你再看React Native,你会觉得使用React Native开发App是件多么美好的事!OK,我们先来看下三者在开始“一款简单App”的代码结构。<br>
|
||||
<strong>(1)代码结构</strong><br>
|
||||
H5/Hybird的开发模式,我们需要维护3套代码,两套是Native(iOS/Android)代码,一套是WebApp版本。这里,我们使用AngularJS作为WebApp单页开发框架。如下图所示。<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/w1.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
在React Native中,同样需要关注部分的Native代码,但是大部分还是前端熟悉的JavaScript。在“豆搜”应用中,代码结构如下:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/reactnative.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
在Native开发中,更加强调Native开发者的能力。平台是:iOS/Android。<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/ios.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
结论:从前端角度而言,React Native跨平台特性,不要开发者深入的了解各平台就能开发一款高效App。同时,语言层面而言,JavaScript运用很广泛,入门门槛相对较低。React Native虽然抛弃了MVC分离实践,但是从业务角度而言,更为合理。一切而言:对前端,对移动领域是利好的消息。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(2)UI布局</strong><br>
|
||||
“面容姣好”,合理的UI却总是跟着时间在变。那么UI布局就不是小事。<br>
|
||||
Web开发布局目前大多是 DIV + CSS。<br>
|
||||
React Native的布局方式是Flexbox。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code> //JSX
|
||||
<ScrollView style={styles.flex_1}>
|
||||
<View style={[styles.search, styles.row]}>
|
||||
<View style={styles.flex_1}>
|
||||
<Search placeholder="请输入图书的名称" onChangeText={this._changeText}/>
|
||||
</View>
|
||||
<TouchableOpacity style={styles.btn} onPress={this._search}>
|
||||
<Text style={styles.fontFFF}>搜索</Text>
|
||||
</TouchableOpacity>
|
||||
</View>
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.state.show ?
|
||||
<ListView
|
||||
dataSource={this.state.dataSource}
|
||||
renderRow={this._renderRow}
|
||||
/>
|
||||
: Util.loading
|
||||
}
|
||||
</ScrollView>
|
||||
//样式
|
||||
var styles = StyleSheet.create({
|
||||
flex_1:{
|
||||
flex:1,
|
||||
marginTop:5
|
||||
},
|
||||
search:{
|
||||
paddingLeft:5,
|
||||
paddingRight:5,
|
||||
height:45
|
||||
},
|
||||
btn:{
|
||||
width:50,
|
||||
backgroundColor:'#0091FF',
|
||||
justifyContent:'center',
|
||||
alignItems:'center'
|
||||
},
|
||||
fontFFF:{
|
||||
color:'#fff'
|
||||
},
|
||||
row:{
|
||||
flexDirection:'row'
|
||||
}
|
||||
}); </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>而Native布局就有种让你想吐的感觉,尤其是iOS的布局。这里不是指采用xib或者Storyboard,而是单纯的代码,例如添加一个文本: </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>UILabel *publisher = [[UILabel alloc]init];
|
||||
publisher.frame = CGRectMake(bookImgWidth + 10, 50, 200, 30);
|
||||
publisher.textColor = [UIColor colorWithRed:0.400 green:0.400 blue:0.435 alpha:1];
|
||||
publisher.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Heiti TC" size:13];
|
||||
publisher.text = obj[@"publisher"];
|
||||
[item addSubview:publisher]; </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>总结:React Native既综合了Web布局的优势,采用了FlexBox和JSX,又使用了Native原生组件。比如我们使用一个文本组件。<br>
|
||||
<code><Text style={{width:100;height:30;backgroundColor:'red'}}>测试</Text></code></p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(3)UI截面图</strong><br>
|
||||
<strong>Hybrid方式截面图</strong><br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/h5-1.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
可以看到第一层列表页是完整的布局,实际上这就是Web页面;而第二层灰色的是Native的WebView组件。<br>
|
||||
<strong>iOS UI截面图</strong><br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/ios-1.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/ios-2.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
可以看到Native页面的组件特别多,即使是列表页,其中某一项都是一个组件(控件)。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>当然,我们就会想,能够完全调用原生组件呢?那样性能是否更好?<br>
|
||||
<strong>React Native UI截面图</strong><br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/rn-ui-1.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/rn-ui-2.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
可以清楚的看到React Native调用的全部是Native组件。并且层次更深,因为React Native做了组件的封装。如上图,蓝色边框的就是RCTScrollView组件。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(4)路由/Navigation</strong><br>
|
||||
在Web单页面应用中,路由由History API实现。<br>
|
||||
而React Native采用的路由是原生的UINavigationController导航控制器实现。<br>
|
||||
React Native NavigatorIOS组件封装程度高;Navigator可定制化程度高。<br>
|
||||
Navigator方法如下: </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>getCurrentRoutes() - returns the current list of routes
|
||||
jumpBack() - Jump backward without unmounting the current scene
|
||||
jumpForward() - Jump forward to the next scene in the route stack
|
||||
jumpTo(route) - Transition to an existing scene without unmounting
|
||||
push(route) - Navigate forward to a new scene, squashing any scenes that you could jumpForward to
|
||||
pop() - Transition back and unmount the current scene
|
||||
replace(route) - Replace the current scene with a new route
|
||||
replaceAtIndex(route, index) - Replace a scene as specified by an index
|
||||
replacePrevious(route) - Replace the previous scene
|
||||
immediatelyResetRouteStack(routeStack) - Reset every scene with an array of routes
|
||||
popToRoute(route) - Pop to a particular scene, as specified by its route. All scenes after it will be unmounted
|
||||
popToTop() - Pop to the first scene in the stack, unmounting every other scene </code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>相对Native而言,这些接口更Native还是很相似的。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<pre><code>//iOS UINavigationController
|
||||
//相对Web而言,不用自己去实现路由,并且路由更加清晰
|
||||
[self.navigationController pushViewController:detail animated:YES];</code></pre>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>"豆搜" WebApp路由(基于AngularJS)如下:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/webapp-route.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>"豆搜" React Native版本导航如下:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/rn-nv.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>"豆搜" iOS版本导航代码如下:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/ios-nv.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>总结:React Native封装的导航控制更容易理解。</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(5)第三方生态链</strong><br>
|
||||
“我的是我的,你的也是我的。 ”——我不是“疯狂女友”,我是React Native!<br>
|
||||
我们缺少“城市列表”组件,OK,使用JSX封装一个;觉得性能太低,OK,基于React Native方案封装一个原生组件。<br>
|
||||
这个iOS图表库不错,拿来用呗! => 完美!<br>
|
||||
这一切都是基于React Native提供的模块扩展方案。<br>
|
||||
所以说:iOS第三方库 + 部分JavaScript库 = React Native 生态库 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="toc_9">2、性能 & 体验</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>我们都很关注一款App性能。因此测试和体验App的性能很重要。以下测试,都是基于相同的case。<br>
|
||||
测试平台:模拟器,iphone6,iOS8.4<br>
|
||||
<strong>(1)内存</strong><br>
|
||||
首先,我们来看下Native应用占用的内存情况。一开始,原生应用启动后,占用内存是20~25M;针对相同的case,跑了2min,结果如下图:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/ios-me.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
可以看出,峰值是87.9M,均值是72M;内存释放比较及时。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>我们再来看下Hybird App的情况。App已启动,占用内存35~55M;同样,跑了2min以上,结果如下图:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/hy-me.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
可以看出,峰值在137.9M,因为整个应用在WebView中,内存释放不明显,存在缓存。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>最后,看下React Native的情况。App启动占用内存35~60M,同样跑2min以上,结果如下图:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/rn-me.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
可以看出,峰值在142M,内存相对释放明显。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>总结:React Native和Web View在简单App上相差不大。二者主要:内存消耗主要是在网页数据上。</p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(2)CPU</strong><br>
|
||||
我们可以看一下Native应用程序CPU的情况,最高值在41%。<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/ios-cpu.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
Hybird App的最高值在30%。<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/hy-cpu.png" alt=""><br>
|
||||
React Native的最高值在34%。<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/rn-cpu.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>总结:CPU使用率大体相近,React Native的占用率低于Native。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(3)动画</strong><br>
|
||||
React Native提供了Animated API实现动画。简单效果,基本OK。个人觉得React Native不适合做游戏,尤其布局能力。<br>
|
||||
Native Animation提供UIView动画<br>
|
||||
H5/Hybird:采用js动画能力<br>
|
||||
总结:React Native Animated API / 封装Native动画库 可以满足基本需求 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(4)安装包体积</strong><br>
|
||||
<strong>Hybird App:</strong><br>
|
||||
34(App壳) + 5(HTML) + 125(Angular) + 29(An-route) + 6(min.js) + 4(min.css) = 203 KB。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>React Native:</strong><br>
|
||||
不含bundle: 843KB<br>
|
||||
含bundle: 995KB </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>Native</strong><br>
|
||||
83KB </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>React Native框架包大小</strong><br>
|
||||
843(不含bundle) - 32(Hybird_app空壳,初识项目) = 811KB </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>相比快速迭代和热更新,比Native多了811KB一点都不重要,我们将图片素材、静态资源线上更新缓存起来即可减少很多体积。<br>
|
||||
总结:牺牲一点体积,换更大的灵活性!(世界上哪有那么美的事,除非丑,就会想得美,:) )。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(5)Big ListView & Scroll 性能</strong><br>
|
||||
循环列表项500次:
|
||||
H5页面惨不忍睹<br>
|
||||
React Native还可以接受<br>
|
||||
Native 采用UITabView更高效,因为不渲染视图外部分。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(6)真机体验</strong><br>
|
||||
机型:iphone4s,iOS7<br>
|
||||
Native > React Native > Hybird<br>
|
||||
如果非要给个数字的话,那我个人主观感受是:<br>
|
||||
Native: 95%+ 流畅度<br>
|
||||
React Native: 85~90% 流畅度<br>
|
||||
H5/Hybird: 70% 流畅度 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>总结:Native/React Native的体验相对而言更流畅。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h3 id="toc_10">3、更新 & 维护</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(1)更新能力</strong><br>
|
||||
H5/Hybird: 随时更新,适合做营销页面,目前携程一些BU全部都是H5页面;但是重要的部分还是Native。<br>
|
||||
React Native:React Native部分可以热更新,bug及时修复。<br>
|
||||
Native:随版本更新,尤其iOS审核严格,需要测试过关,否则影响用户。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p><strong>(2)维护成本</strong><br>
|
||||
H5/Hybird: Web代码 + iOS/Android平台支持<br>
|
||||
React Native:可以一个开发团队 + iOS/Android工程师;业务组件颗粒度小,不用把握全局即可修改业务代码。<br>
|
||||
Native:iOS/Android开发周期长,两个开发团队。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>总结:React Native 统一了开发人员技术栈,代码维护相对容易。 </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h2 id="toc_11">五、综合</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toc_12">1、开发方式</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>(1)代码结构: React Native更为合理,组件化程度高<br>
|
||||
(2)UI布局:Web布局灵活度 > React Native > Native<br>
|
||||
(3)UI截面图:React Native使用的是原生组件,<br>
|
||||
(4)路由/Navigation:React Native & Native更胜一筹<br>
|
||||
(5)第三方生态链:Native modules + js modules = React Native modules </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toc_13">2、性能 & 体验</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>(1)内存:Native最少;因为React Native含有框架,所以相对较高,但是后期平稳后会优于Native。<br>
|
||||
(2)CPU:React Native居中。<br>
|
||||
(3)动画:React Native动画需求基本满足。<br>
|
||||
(4)安装包体积:React Native框架打包后,811KB。相比热更新,可以忽略和考虑资源规划。<br>
|
||||
(5)Big ListView<br>
|
||||
(6)真机体验:Native >= React Native > H5/Hybrid </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<h4 id="toc_14">3、更新 & 维护</h4>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>(1)更新能力: H5/Hybird > React Native > Native<br>
|
||||
(2)维护成本: H5/Hybird <= React Native < Native </p>
|
||||
|
||||
<p>React Native定制难度相比Native有些大;但是具备跨平台能力和热更新能力。<br>
|
||||
最后<strong>硬广</strong>一下我的书:<br>
|
||||
<img src="./imgs/book.png" alt=""> </p>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
||||
|
||||
</html>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user